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The Uruz Project is an international scientific project with the goal of breeding back the extinct aurochs (''Bos p. primigenius''). Uruz is the old Germanic word for aurochs. The Uruz Project was initiated in 2013 by the True Nature Foundation〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.truenaturefoundation.org/project/species-restoration/uruz-project )〕 and presented at TEDx DeExtinction, a day-long conference〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ted.com/tedx/events/7650 )〕 organised by the Long Now Foundation with the support of TED and in partnership with National Geographic Society,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/deextinction/ )〕 to showcase the prospects of bringing extinct species back to life. The de-extinction movement itself is spearheaded by the Long Now Foundation. Technically, ''Bos primigenius'' is not wholly extinct. The wild subspecies ''B. p. primigenius'', ''indicus'' and ''africanus'' are, but the species is still represented by domestic cattle. Most, or all, of the relevant Aurochs characteristics, and therefore the underlying DNA, needed to "breed back" an aurochs-like cattle type can be found in ''B. p. taurus''. Domestic cattle originated in the middle east, and there also has been introgression of European aurochs into domestic cattle in ancient times. The Uruz Project’s goal is to collect all relevant data and reunite scattered aurochs characteristics, and thus DNA, in one animal. The project differs from other, historical and more recent, aurochs breeding projects in that it combines genomics and classic Mendelian rules of inheritance to develop the most effective breeding strategy. Primitive founder cattle breeds are carefully selected and the number of cattle breeds used is kept to a minimum. ==Background== Ecological restoration projects cannot be complete without bringing back those key elements that help shape and reshape wild landscapes. The European aurochs (''Bos p. primigenius'') was a large and long-horned wild bovine herbivore that existed from the most western tip of Europe until Siberia in present day Russia. Aurochs have played a major role in human history. They are often depicted in rock-art, including the famous, well-conserved cave paintings made by Cro-Magnon people in the Lascaux Caves, estimated to be 17,300 years old. Aurochs and other large animals portrayed in Paleolithic cave art were often hunted for food. Hunting and habitat loss caused by humans, including agricultural land conversion, caused the aurochs to go extinct in 1627, when the last individual, a female, died in Poland’s Jaktorów Forest. The aurochs is one of the keystone species that is missing in Europe. Their grazing and browsing patterns, trampling of the soil and faeces had a profound impact on the vegetation and landscapes it inhabited. Grazing results in a greater variety of plant species, structures and ecological niches in a landscape that benefit both biodiversity and production. Megaherbivores like the aurochs also controlled vegetation development. The Uruz Project ultimate goal is to breed back the aurochs to re-create, maintain and enhance the biodiversity and characteristics of natural ecosystems in Europe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uruz Project」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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